Introduction to Structural Analysis: Types of Structures and Loads,"Types of Loads in Civil Engineering", "IS 875 Parts", "Structural Engineering basics".
Introduction to Structural Analysis: Types of Structures and Loads
Structural Analysis is the backbone of Civil Engineering. It involves the prediction of a structure's behavior when subjected to various external forces. The primary goal is to ensure that any building, bridge, or dam can withstand its weight and external pressures without failing.
What is Structural Analysis?
In simple terms, it is the study of how a structure responds to loads. This includes calculating:
Internal Forces: Shear Force (SF) and Bending Moment (BM).
Deformations: Support reactions, stress, and strain.
Stability: Ensuring the structure does not collapse or tilt.
Types of Structures
In Civil Engineering, structures are classified based on how they transfer loads to the foundation:
Skeletal Structures (Frames): Composed of beams and columns (e.g., Multi-story buildings).
Surface Structures (Shells): Thin-walled structures with curved surfaces (e.g., Domes or Water tanks).
Solid Structures: Massive structures that resist loads through their weight (e.g., Gravity Dams).
Trusses: Frameworks made of triangular units that primarily resist tension and compression.
"Types of Loads in Civil Engineering", "IS 875 Parts", "Structural Engineering basics".
Classification of Loads (As per IS: 875)
To design a safe structure, an engineer must calculate every possible load. According to the Indian Standard Code IS: 875, loads are divided into several parts:
| Load Type | Description | IS Code Reference |
| Dead Load (DL) | The self-weight of the structure (Permanent). | IS: 875 (Part 1) |
| Live Load (LL) | Weight of people, furniture, and movable objects. | IS: 875 (Part 2) |
| Wind Load (WL) | Pressure exerted by wind, especially on tall buildings. | IS: 875 (Part 3) |
| Snow Load (SL) | Weight of accumulated snow (for cold regions). | IS: 875 (Part 4) |
| Seismic Load | Forces generated by Earthquake vibrations. | IS: 1893 |
Basic Support Types
Before starting any analysis, we must understand how a structure is supported:
Fixed Support: No movement or rotation (Provides 3 Reactions).
Pinned/Hinged Support: Allows rotation but no movement (Provides 2 Reactions).
Roller Support: Allows movement in one direction (Provides 1 Reaction).
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