Irrigation
Irrigation Engineering: Course Syllabus
1. Introduction to Irrigation
Basics: Definition of irrigation, necessity, advantages, and disadvantages.
Types of Irrigation: Surface, sub-surface, drip, and sprinkler irrigation systems.
Irrigation Efficiency: Water use efficiency and various types of efficiencies (Application
2. Water Requirement of Crops
Consumptive Use: Evapotranspiration and methods of measurement.
Soil-Water Relationship: Field capacity, wilting point, and available moisture content.
3. Canal Design
Introduction: Types of canals (Lined vs. Unlined).
Kennedy’s Theory: Critical Velocity Ratio (m) and design procedures.
Lacey’s Theory: Silt factor (f), hydraulic radius, and perimeter calculations.
Canal Lining: Benefits of lining and common materials used.
4. Sediment Transport and River Training
Sediment Transport: Silt behavior and its impact on canal stability.
River Training Works: Use of guide banks, groynes, and levees for flood control and bank protection.
5. Diversion Headworks
Components: Weir, barrage, divide wall, and fish ladder functions.
Seepage Theories: * Khosla’s Theory: Calculation of exit gradient and uplift pressure.
Bligh’s Creep Theory: Seepage path and hydraulic gradient analysis.
6. Canal Structures
Canal Falls: Energy dissipation structures and their various types.
Cross Drainage Works: * Canal over Drainage: Aqueduct and Syphon Aqueduct.
Drainage over Canal: Super Passage and Canal Syphon.
Same Level: Level Crossing.
Canal Regulators: Functions of head regulators and cross regulators.
7. Gravity Dams and Reservoirs
Dams: Types of dams and forces acting on a gravity dam.
Stability Analysis: Safety against overturning and sliding.
Spillways: Ogee spillways and energy dissipators (Stilling basins).
8. Waterlogging and Land Reclamation
Waterlogging: Causes, effects, and preventive measures.
Land Reclamation: Techniques for restoring saline soil for agricultural use.
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