SP7: 2016 National Building Code Specification details
SP7: 2016 National Building Code Specification
Integrated Approach (Puri Team ka Saath)
SP7:2016 ke anusar Modern projects mein sabhi experts ka coordination zaroori hai.
Team Composition: Isme Architect, Civil Engineer, Structural Engineer aur baaki specialists ki list di gayi hai.
(Clause 4.1, Page 5 - Part 0) Design Brief: Malik aur design team ke beech coordination kaise ho.
(Clause 5.1, Page 6) Safety Priority: Safety hamesha functional efficiency se upar rahegi.
(Foreword, Page 3)
Administration aur Building Permits (Legal Kaam)
Civil engineers ko approval process ki jaankari honi chahiye.
Single Window Clearance: Business ko aasaan banane ke liye ek hi jagah se approval ka system.
(Clause 11.1.4, Page 10 - Part 2) High Rise & Special Buildings: 15m se uunche buildings ke liye do stages (Planning aur Building Permit) mein approval.
(Clause 12.2.5.1, Page 13 - Part 2) Structural Design Certificate: Engineer ko sign karna hota hai ki building natural disasters ke liye safe hai.
(Clause 12.2.8, Page 14 - Part 2) Architect/Engineer Empowerment: $500\text{ m}^2$ tak ke plots par residential building plans ko registered professionals khud approve kar sakte hain.
(Clause 11.1.5, Page 10 - Part 2)
Structural Design (Part 6 - Sabse Important)
Ye section batata hai ki building ko kaise design karna hai.
Loads (Section 1): Dead loads, imposed loads, wind, aur seismic forces ke baare mein.
(Annex A, Page 9 - Part 0) Soils & Foundations (Section 2): Shallow aur Deep foundations ke geotechnical rules.
(Annex A, Page 9 - Part 0) - Concrete & Steel (Sections 5 & 6): RCC aur Steel structures ke structural adequacy ke niyam.
(Annex A, Page 10 - Part 0) New Materials: Bamboo aur Prefabricated concrete jaise materials ke niyam.
(Annex A, Page 10 - Part 0)
Construction Management aur Safety (Part 7)
Site par kaam karne ke niyam.Project Management: Time, cost aur quality control ke liye scientific principles.
(Clause 6.2, Page 8) Safety & Welfare: Mazdooron ki safety aur unke rehne ke welfare requirements.
(Annex A, Page 10) Demolition: Building girane se pehle utilities (water, gas, electricity) ko band karne ka niyam.
(Clause 16, Page 17 - Part 2)
Development Control Rules (Part 3)
Means of Access: Building tak pahunchne waale raste ki width.
(Clause 5, Page 12 - Part 3) Open Spaces: Building ke chaaro taraf kitni jagah khali chhodni hai.
(Clause 8, Page 16 - Part 3) Accessibility: Elderly aur disabled logon ke liye barrier-free design.
(Clause 13, Page 16 - Part 3)
SP 7 2016: Part 1
Building aur uske Parts (Structure Definitions)
Engineering point of view se building sirf deewarein nahi, balki usme foundation se lekar signage tak sab shamil hai
Building (Clause 2.5, Page 5): Isme foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, plumbing, services aur yahan tak ki outdoor display structures bhi shamil hain. Temporary tents isme nahi aate
। Plinth (Clause 2.34, Page 20): Ground level aur floor level ke beech ka hissa
। Basement/Cellar (Clause 2.7, Page 6): Wo floor jo partial ya poori tarah se ground level ke neeche ho
।
Legal aur Administrative Terminology
In shabdon ka sahi matlab jaanna project approval ke liye zaroori hai:
Authority Having Jurisdiction (Clause 2.4, Page 6): Wo sarkari sanstha jo Code ko implement aur enforce karti hai
। Building Line (Clause 2.11, Page 7): Wo line jiske aage road ki taraf koi building nahi ban sakti
। Occupancy or Use Group (Clause 2.12, Page 18-19): Building kis kaam ke liye hai (Residential, Educational, Industrial, etc.). Iske basis par fire safety aur design badal jata hai
। Sanctioned Plan (Clause 2.21, Page 6): Authority dwara approve kiya gaya naksha aur specifications
।
Engineering Design Concepts
Structural stability ke liye in definitions ka analysis zaroori hai:
Alteration (Clause 2.2, Page 5): Building mein koi bhi structural change, occupancy badalna, ya exit system mein badlav karna
। Loads: Isme Dead Loads, Imposed Loads (Live load), Wind Loads, aur Seismic Loads ko alag-alag define kiya gaya hai jo design ka base hote hain
(Page 10, 15, 27)। Structural Adequacy (Clause 2.103, Page 24): Kisi structure ki wo capacity ki wo bina fail huye loads aur fire effects ko seh sake
।
Accessibility aur Safety
Accessibility (Clause 2.4, Page 5): Isme Accessible Route aur Universal Design jaise shabd hain jo batate hain ki building disabled aur elderly logon ke liye useable honi chahiye
(Page 5, 26)। Fire Separation (Clause 2.53, Page 13): Do buildings ya compartments ke beech ki wo distance jo aag ko phailne se rokti hai
।
Services aur Utilities (Plumbing & Electrical)
Drainage (Clause 2.11, Page 11): Liquid waste ko nikaalne ka system
। Water Supply System (Clause 2.106, Page 26): Isme pipes, fittings aur tanks shamil hain jo building ko paani supply karte hain
।
Analysis for Civil Engineers:
Part 1 ka analysis ye dikhata hai ki NBC sirf "kya banana hai" nahi batata, balki technical terms ki legal boundary bhi set karta hai
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) aur Covered Area ki definition samajhna building ki height aur density control karne ke liye critical hai (Page 13)
। To Erect (Clause 2.28, Page 11) ka matlab sirf naya banana nahi, balki purane ko rebuild karna bhi hai, isliye repair aur renovation projects mein bhi wahi rules lagte hain
।
Foundation (नींव) - Structural Safety
Engineers ko mitti ki taqat aur building ke load par sabse zyada dhyan dena chahiye:
Subsurface Investigation: Design shuru karne se pehle geotechnical engineer se mitti ki report lena zaroori hai.
(Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2) Safe Bearing Capacity: Foundation ka size aur depth mitti ki bearing capacity aur pani ke level (water table) ke hisab se hona chahiye.
(Clause 5.2.2) Settlement: Engineer ko ye ensure karna chahiye ki mitti dhasne (settlement) ke limit se bahar na jaye.
(Part 1, Page 24)
Report mein kya hona chahiye (Key Contents)
Mitti ki report mein ye points hona mandatory hai:
Soil Strata Details: Zameen ke neeche mitti ki alag-alag layers (strata) ki jankari aur har layer ki thickness. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2)
Engineering Properties: Mitti ki strength se jude tests ki details, jaise:
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC): Wo maximum load jo mitti bina dhasne (settlement) ya fail huye seh sake. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Permeability aur Density: Mitti mein paani sokhne ki shamta aur uska garapan. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Ground Water Table: Underground water (bhumigat jal) ka level kya hai, kyunki ye foundation ki depth aur mitti ki taqat par asar dalta hai. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Recommendations: Report mein Geotechnical Engineer ko saaf taur par ye likhna chahiye ki:
Kis tarah ki Foundation (Shallow ya Deep) honi chahiye. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Foundation ko kitni Depth (gehrai) par dalna chahiye. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Report kaisi honi chahiye (Format & Standards)
Standard Compliance: Report National Building Code of India aur IS Codes (jaise IS 1498 mitti ki pehchan ke liye) ke niyam anusar honi chahiye. (Page xxx)
Authenticated: Report par ek registered Geotechnical Engineer ke sign aur stamp hone chahiye. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2)
Factually Correct: Report mein di gayi jankari site par kiye gaye actual tests par aadharit honi chahiye. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2)
Civil Engineer ke liye zaroori niyam
Mandatory Submission: High-rise buildings (15m+) aur special buildings ke liye Building Permit (Stage 2) lete waqt mitti ki report jama karna anivary (mandatory) hai. (Clause 12.2.5.1, Page 13 - Part 2)
Structural Coordination: Structural engineer ko foundation design karte waqt isi report ka data istemal karna chahiye. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2)
Certification: Owner aur engineer dono ko certify karna hota hai ki subsurface investigation ki gayi hai aur usi ke aadhar par design taiyar kiya gaya hai. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2)
Foundation ki Depth (Gehrai)
Minimum Depth: NBC ke mutabiq, mitti ki quality chahe kitni bhi achhi ho, foundation ko kam se kam utni gehrai par hona chahiye jahan mitti ka "seasonal moisture badlav" asar na kare
. (Part 6, Section 2). Water Table ka Asar: Agar underground water table foundation ke base ke paas hai, to mitti ki bearing capacity lagbhag aadhi (50%) ho jati hai
. Isliye, agar pani ka level upar hai, to depth badhani padti hai ya mitti ko treat karna padta hai . (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2). Frost Line: Thande ilakon mein foundation depth hamesha 'frost line' (baraf jamne wali gehrai) se neeche honi chahiye taaki zameen phulne se structure ko nuksan na ho
. (Part 1, Page 14).
Foundation ka Size (Choudai aur Area)
Foundation ka size nikalne ka basic engineering formula NBC ke standards par aadharit hai:
Kam SBC wali Mitti: Agar mitti kamzor hai (jaise soft clay ya loose sand), to load ko phailane ke liye foundation ka size bada karna padega
. Aisi sthiti mein aksar Raft Foundation ka istemal hota hai . (Part 1, Page 21). Zayada SBC wali Mitti: Sakht mitti ya chattan (rock) par foundation ka size chota rakha ja sakta hai kyunki wahan mitti zyada load seh sakti hai
. (Part 1, Page 22).
Mitti ke hisab se Vishesh Niyam
Shallow Foundation: Jab mitti ki SBC achhi ho aur building ka load kam ho, to continuous strip ya isolated footings di jati hain
. (Part 1, Page 23). Deep Foundation (Piles): Agar upari mitti bahut kamzor hai ya building bahut uunchi (High-rise) hai, to Pile Foundation ka istemal hota hai jo load ko neeche ki sakht layer tak pahunchata hai
. (Annex A, Page 9). Black Cotton Soil: Aisi mitti jo pani milne par phulti hai aur sukhne par sikudti hai, wahan NBC Under-reamed Piles ya vishesh depth wali foundation ki salah deta hai taaki building mein cracks na aayein
. (Part 1, Page 25).
Engineer ke liye Zaruri Checklist
Soil Report: Bina registered geotechnical engineer ki report ke SBC assume na karein
. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2). Settlement Check: Size aisa ho ki "Total Settlement" aur "Differential Settlement" (alag-alag hisson ka dhasna) limit ke andar rahe
. (Part 1, Page 24, 25). Factor of Safety: Design karte waqt hamesha mitti ki ultimate strength par ek 'Factor of Safety' lagana mandatory hai taaki unexpected load par bhi building safe rahe
. (Part 1, Page 13).
Importante note for check:-
Authenticity aur Registration Check
Sabse pehle ye dekhein ki report dene wala insaan "Registered" hai ya nahi:
Qualification: Geotechnical Engineer ke paas Civil Engineering ki degree aur mitti ki jaanch (geotechnical engineering) mein kam se kam 3 saal ka experience hona chahiye
. (Annex A, Clause A-2.4, Page 19 - Part 2) Registration Number: Report par engineer ka registration number, sign aur stamp hona mandatory hai, jo Authority ya professional body dwara diya gaya ho
. (Clause 12.3, Page 14 - Part 2)
Report ke Main Technical Data ko Check Karein
SBC ki value sahi hai ya nahi, ise jaanchne ke liye report mein ye cheezein honi chahiye:
Field Tests: Check karein ki SBC nikalne ke liye kaunse test kiye gaye hain, jaise Standard Penetration Test (SPT) ya Plate Load Test
. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2) Soil Strata Profile: Report mein har layer (mitti ki satah) ki engineering properties honi chahiye
. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2) Ground Water Table: Report mein saaf likha hona chahiye ki pani ka level (water table) kahan mila, kyunki pani mitti ki SBC ko kam kar deta hai
. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Factor of Safety (FOS) ki Jaanch
Safety Margin: Report mein ye dekhein ki Ultimate Bearing Capacity ko Safe Bearing Capacity mein badalne ke liye kitna Factor of Safety liya gaya hai
. (Part 1, Page 13) Aam taur par, building projects ke liye FOS 2.5 se 3.0 ke beech rakha jata hai.
Recommendation aur Foundation Type
Foundation Depth: SBC hamesha ek specific "Depth" (gehrai) ke liye di jati hai. Check karein ki report mein kitni gehrai par wo SBC batayi gayi hai
. (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2) Type of Foundation: Report mein ye recommendation honi chahiye ki di gayi SBC ke hisab se Shallow Foundation (isolated/raft) sahi rahegi ya Deep Foundation (piles)
. (Clause A-2.4.1, Page 19 - Part 2)
Legal Certification (Annexure H)
NBC 2016 ke mutabiq, Geotechnical Engineer ko ek formal certificate dena hota hai (Annex H, Page 27 - Part 2), jisme wo ye certify karta hai ki
Usne site par subsurface investigation kiya hai
. Zaroori tests perform kiye gaye hain
. Di gayi SBC aur foundation ki depth structural system aur loads ke hisab se sahi hai
.
Summary Tip: Agar report mein mitti ki layers ki details nahi hain ya water table ka zikr nahi hai, to wo report incomplete mani jayegi. Aapko hamesha structural engineer se report verify karwani chahiye taaki wo loads ke saath coordinate kar sake
2. Plinth (प्लिंथ) - Protection & Height
Specifications ke hisab se plinth par ye dhyan rakhein:
Plinth Height: Plinth ki uunchai zameen se itni honi chahiye ki baarish ka pani building ke andar na aaye.
(Part 1, Page 20) Damp-Proof Course (DPC): Plinth level par specifications ke mutabiq DPC layer lagana zaroori hai taaki zameen ki nami (moisture) deewaron tak na pahunche.
(Part 1, Page 20)
Minimum Height: Khidkiyon aur darwazo se baarish ka pani andar na aaye aur mitti ki nami se bachav ho sake, isliye plinth ki unchai zameen ke level (Ground Level) se kam se kam 450 mm (45 cm) honi chahiye
। (Part 3, General Building Requirements)। Road Level ka Dhyan: Agar building road ke kinare hai, to plinth height hamesha road ke sabse unche point (Crown of the Road) se upar honi chahiye taaki drainage ka pani building mein na ghuse
। (Part 1, Page 20)। Courtyard (Aangan): Interior courtyards ya chowk ke liye plinth level ground level se kam se kam 150 mm upar hona chahiye taaki wahan pani jama na ho
। (Part 3)।
Damp-Proof Course (DPC) Specifications
DPC wo layer hai jo zameen se deewaron mein aane wali nami (Capillary action) ko rokti hai:
Material: DPC aam taur par Rich Concrete Mix (M15 ya M20) aur waterproofing compound (jaise Dr. Fixit ya Bitumen) ka mishran hota hai
। (Part 5, Building Materials)। Thickness (Motai): NBC ke anusar DPC ki motai aam taur par 25 mm se 50 mm ke beech honi chahiye, jo deewar ki poori choudai ko cover kare
। Position: DPC ko hamesha plinth level par aur floor finish ke thoda neeche lagaya jata hai taaki moisture bypass na ho sake
।
Plinth Protection (प्लिंथ सुरक्षा)
Building ke foundation ke paas pani jama hone se rokne ke liye plinth protection zaroori hai:
Construction: Building ke charo taraf kam se kam 600 mm se 900 mm choudi ek concrete ya pakki satah (paving) banayi jati hai
। Slope (Dhalan): Plinth protection mein bahar ki taraf 1 in 30 ya 1 in 50 ka slope hona chahiye taaki baarish ka pani building se dur nikal jaye
। (Part 3)।
Engineer ke liye Zaruri Tips (Audit Point)
Continuous Layer: DPC layer kahi se bhi tuti hui nahi honi chahiye, warna wahan se 'Dampness' (seelan) deewar mein chadh jayegi
। Step Plinth: Agar site dhalan (slope) par hai, to plinth ko "Step" (seedhidar) tarike se banaya jana chahiye, lekin har step par DPC ki continuity honi chahiye
। Termite Treatment: NBC ke anusar, plinth level par mitti aur deewaron ke beech Anti-termite treatment karna bhi specifications ka hissa hai taaki deemak se structure bacha rahe
। (Part 6, Section 3A)।
3. Walls (दीवारें) - Load & Stability
Engineers ko wall ke function ke hisab se material chunna chahiye:
Structural Adequacy: Load-bearing walls ko floor aur roof ke load ko sambhalne ke liye design karna chahiye.
(Part 6, Section 4) Fire Resistance: Deewar ki motai (thickness) aur material aisa ho jo aag lagne par kam se kam utne ghante tik sake jitna code mein specified hai.
(Part 1, Page 13) Openings: Deewaron mein khidki/darwazo ke liye chhodi gayi jagah se structure kamzor nahi hona chahiye.
(Part 2, Clause 12.4.1)
Structural Adequacy (संरचनात्मक पर्याप्तता)
Load Bearing Walls: Deewaron ko is tarah design karna chahiye ki wo un par aane wale dead loads, imposed (live) loads, aur wind/earthquake loads ko bina kisi nuksan ke seh sakein
. (Part 6, Section 4) Effective Height aur Length: Deewar ki stability is baat par nirbhar karti hai ki uski uunchai aur lambai kitni hai aur use lateral support (jaise floor ya cross-walls) kahan mil raha hai
. (Part 1, Page 12, 25) Slenderness Ratio: Engineer ko ye ensure karna chahiye ki deewar ki motai ke muqable uski uunchai (slenderness) ek nirdharit limit se zyada na ho, warna deewar "buckle" (muda) ho sakti hai
. (Part 1, Page 22)
Stability aur Support (स्थिरता)
Lateral Support: Load-bearing deewaron ko floors, roofs, ya perpendicular walls se sahi tarike se "tie" (jodna) hona chahiye taaki stability bani rahe
. (Part 6, Section 4) Parapet Walls: Chhat ki parapet deewaron ka structural design aisa ho ki wo hawa ke dabav (wind pressure) se na girein
. (Part 10, Section 2) Foundation Connection: Deewar ka pura load foundation par barabar transfer hona chahiye
. (Part 1, Page 14)
Material aur Strength Specifications
Masonry Units: Deewar banane ke liye sirf "Accepted Standards" wale bricks (jaise fly ash bricks) ya blocks ka istemal karein
. (Part 5, Building Materials) Mortar Grade: Load ke hisab se sahi ratio (jaise 1:4 ya 1:6 cement-sand) wala masala istemal karna mandatory hai taaki deewar ki "Compressive Strength" bani rahe
. (Part 6, Section 4) Reinforced Masonry: Bahut zyada load ya earthquake prone areas mein deewaron ke beech steel bars (reinforcement) dene ka specification hai
. (Part 6, Section 4)
Fire aur Health Safety (Security)
Fire Resistance: Har deewar ki motai aisi honi chahiye jo kam se kam utne ghante tak aag ko rok sake jitna us building ki "Occupancy" ke liye zaroori hai
. (Part 4, Fire and Life Safety) Damp-Proofing: Deewar ke base par DPC (Damp-Proof Course) layer lagana zaroori hai taaki capillary action se mitti ki nami deewar ko kamzor na kare
. (Part 1, Page 20)
Engineer ke liye Checklist (Key Audit Points)
Openings: Deewaron mein khidki/darwazo (openings) ki wajah se jo load kam hota hai, uski bharpayi "Lintels" ya "Arches" ke design se honi chahiye
. (Part 2, Clause 12.4.1) Cross Walls: Jitni zyada cross-walls hongi, main deewar ki stability utni hi badh jayegi
. (Part 1, Page 10) Horizontal Bands: Bhookamp se bachav ke liye plinth level, window level, aur roof level par RCC bands dena zaroori hai
. (Part 6, Section 4)
4. Floors & Roofs (फर्श और छत) - Live Loads & Drainage
Loading Standards: Har floor ko uske use (Residential vs Industrial) ke hisab se "Imposed Load" ke liye design karein.
(Part 6, Section 1) Roof Drainage: Chhat par pani jama na ho, iske liye slope aur drainage pipes (rain water pipes) ki specification zaroori hai.
(Part 2, Clause 12.2.5.j) Waterproofing: Roof slab ke liye sahi waterproofing treatment ka specifications mein hona mahatvapoorn hai.
(Part 9, Section 2)
Live Loads (इम्पोज्ड लोड) - Part 6, Section 1
Live load (jise Imposed Load bhi kehte hain) building ke istemal (Occupancy) par nirbhar karta hai. Engineer ko in minimum standards ka palan karna mandatory hai
Residential Buildings (Ghar):
Sabhi rooms aur kitchen ke liye: 2.0 kN/m²
. Corridors, staircases aur stores ke liye: 3.0 kN/m²
. Balconies ke liye: 3.0 kN/m²
.
Office/Business Buildings: Aam taur par 2.5 se 4.0 kN/m² (saaman aur files ke weight ke hisab se)
. Roofs (Chhat):
Aisi chhat jahan log aa-jaa sakte hain (Access provided): 1.5 kN/m²
. Aisi chhat jahan aana-jaana mushkil hai (Access not provided): 0.75 kN/m²
.
Special Loads: Chhat par agar koi equipment (jaise HVAC unit ya Solar Panel) lagna hai, to uska alag se weight calculate karna hoga
(Part 1, Page 23).
Roof Drainage (छत का जल निकासी) - Part 9, Section 2
Chhat par pani jama hona structural failure aur seelan (dampness) ka sabse bada karan hai. NBC iske liye sakht niyam batata hai:
Minimum Slope (Dhalan): Roof slab par kam se kam 1 in 100 (ya 1%) ka slope hona chahiye taaki pani pipes ki taraf beh sake. Agar bitumen treatment hai to dhalan aur zyada ho sakti hai
(Part 2, Clause 12.2.5.j). Rainwater Pipes Size: Pipes ka diameter chhat ke area (catchment area) aur wahan hone wali baarish ki intensity par nirbhar karta hai. Aam taur par kam se kam 100 mm (4 inch) diameter ka pipe recommend kiya jata hai
. Spacing: Pipes ek dusre se itni duri par hone chahiye ki pani ko pipes tak pahunchne ke liye 6 meter se zyada safar na karna pade
. Gully Trap & Grating: Pipes ke muh par ek jaali (grating) honi chahiye taaki patte ya kachra pipe ko block na karein
(Part 1, Page 14).
Floor Construction aur Safety - Part 7
Structural Integrity: Floors ko is tarah design kiya jana chahiye ki wo bina lachak (deflection) ke load seh sakein
. (Part 1, Page 12). Openings in Floors: Agar floor mein koi hole ya opening (jaise lift shaft ya duct) hai, to wahan Guard Rails ya Toe Boards lagana anivary hai taaki koi gir na sake
. (Part 1, Page 14, 25).
Special Considerations for Engineers
Waterproofing: Roofs aur wet areas (bathrooms) ke floors ke liye specifications mein sahi waterproofing membrane ka zikr hona chahiye
. Rainwater Harvesting: NBC ab har badi building ke liye chhat ke pani ko 'Rainwater Harvesting System' mein bhejna mandatory karta hai
. (Part 2, Clause 12.2.6). Vibration Control: Industrial floors jahan machinery lagni hai, wahan vibration control ke liye special structural design zaroori hai
. (Part 1, Page 26).
Plumbing & Services - Quality & Hygiene
Integrated Design: Pipes aur electrical lines ko structure (beams/columns) ke beech se nikaalte waqt dhyan rakhein ki structure kamzor na ho.
(Part 0, Clause 4.1.1) Standard Fittings: Sirf "Accepted Standards" (IS Codes) wale fixtures aur pipes hi istemal karein.
(Explanatory Note) Accessibility: Services (pipes, valves, wires) tak pahunchna aasaan hona chahiye taaki maintenance ho sake.
(Part 0, Clause 7.2)
Outdoor Display Structures - Wind & Safety
Engineers ke liye ye specifications naya aur zaroori hai:
Wind Load: In dhanchon ko tez hawa ke dabav (Wind Forces) ke liye design karna mandatory hai taaki ye gir kar kisi ko chot na pahunchayein.
(Part 6, Section 1) Structural Support: Inka support building ke main structure par itna dabav na dale ki slab ya wall crack ho jaye.
(Part 10, Section 2)
Engineers ke liye Sabse Mahatvapoorn Baat (Summary):
Certification: Engineer ko "Structural Design Sufficiency Certificate" par sign karke dena hota hai ki ye sabhi elements safety standards ko poora karte hain.
(Annex C, Page 22 - Part 2) Supervision: Kaam ke dauran engineer ko "Certificate for Supervision" dena hota hai, jo ye ensure karta hai ki kaam approve kiye gaye specs ke mutabiq ho raha hai.
(Annex E, Page 24 - Part 2)
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